外源性神经节苷脂相关性吉兰—巴雷综合征的发病机制及诊治研究进展

吉兰―巴雷综合征（GBS）是一种以快速进行性四肢麻木无力为特点的急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性多神经根神经病。随着外源性神经节苷脂在临床的广泛应用，该药引起的副作用也逐渐显现，外源性神经节苷脂相关性GBS是其最严重的并发症，临床上主要表现为轴索型GBS，以四肢弛缓性瘫痪为首发症状，表现为急性、严重且快速进展的周围神经受累，较其他轴索型GBS病情重，恢复时间长，预后差。目前发病机制尚不明确。静脉注射人免疫球蛋白是其具有循证医学证据的治疗方法，目前已取代血浆置换成为GBS首选治疗方法，推荐剂量为0.4 g/（kg·d），连续静滴5 d，大剂量激素治疗的效果还有待进一步探讨。早发现、早诊断、尽早停用外源性神经节苷脂、及时应用人血免疫球蛋白冲击治疗和康复治疗，可改善预后。     

Vacuum myofascial therapy device for non-specific neck pain. A single blind randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a vacuum myofascial therapy device (VT) for improving pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), range of motion (ROM), neck pain-related disability, pain, and quality of life in patients with non-specific neck pain.MethodsA randomized controlled trial in which thirty-eight participants with non-specific neck pain (NP) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (VT) or a comparison physical therapy program (PTP) group. The VT group (n = 19) received five sessions of treatment with a vacuum myofascial therapy device while the PTP group (n = 19) received five sessions of massage, ultrasound therapy (US), and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) over two weeks. The outcome measures were the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), range of motion, quality of life (SF-12), neck disability Index (NDI), and PPTs at the end of treatment and at one-month follow-up.ResultsAlthough both groups experienced improvements in pain, neck disability, range of motion, and pressure pain, these only were statistically significant in the VT group. At one-month follow-up, the VT group still showed improvements in pain, neck disability, and range of motion.DiscussionVacuum myofascial therapy applied with a device offers similar results to other vacuum-based techniques such as cupping therapy. Moreover, in this device the parameters are digitally controlled, which allows for the precise reproduction of treatment.     

Development a nomogram to predict fertilisation rate of infertile males with borderline semen by using semen parameters combined with AMH and INHB

The sperm quality of some males is in a critical state, making it hard for clinicians to choose the suitable fertilisation methods. This study aimed to develop an intelligent nomogram for predicting fertilisation rate of infertile males with borderline semen. 160 males underwent in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 58 of whom received rescue ICSI (R-ICSI) due to fertilisation failure (fertilisation rate of IVF ≤30%). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis identified sperm concentration, progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS), seminal plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (spAMH), seminal plasma inhibin (spINHB), serum AMH (serAMH) and serum INHB (serINHB) as significant predictors. The nomogram was plotted by multivariable logistic regression. This nomogram-illustrated model showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.762 (p < .001). Calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = .5261) showed good consistency between the predictions of the nomogram and the actual observations, and decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful. This nomogram may be useful in predicting fertilisation rate, mainly focused on new biomarkers, INHB and AMH. It could assist clinicians and laboratory technicians select appropriate fertilisation methods (IVF or ICSI) for male patients with borderline semen.     

Investigating the effects of walnut ointment on non-healing burn wounds

Effective treatments for non-healing burn wounds are an unmet need for 95% of burn sufferers. Approaches currently available to treat non-healing burn wounds are not satisfactory due to undesirable side-effects or expense. The anti-oxidation and antibacterial activities of walnuts are recommended for treating chronic diseases. Walnut ointment has been developed and successfully applied to treat non-healing burn wounds in our hospital for decades. We report herein a detailed retrospective case review examining patients’ response to the walnut ointment. The walnut ointment has shortened healing time of non-healing burn wounds and improved clinical outcomes. In order to investigate the mechanism of action, walnut ointment has been applied on wounds of porcine full-thickness burn wound models. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis indicated our walnut ointment supports wound healing through promoting keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, we recommend the walnut ointment offers an effective and economical treatment for patients presenting with non-healing burn wounds.     

八珍益智合剂3种成分的含量测定及稳定性考察

目的 建立一测多评法同时测定八珍益智合剂中甘草苷、芹糖甘草苷和橙皮苷3种成分的含量，并对八珍益智合剂3种成分的稳定性进行考察。方法 采用HPLC-DAD法，以橙皮苷为参照物，测定其他2种成分的相对校正因子和相对保留时间，并计算各成分含量；以外标法为对照，比较一测多评法（single marker，QAMS）与外标法（external standard method，ESM）实测值的差异，探讨一测多评法的可行性。同时测定八珍益智合剂在高温、强光照射、加速试验和长期室温条件下的稳定性，为其贮藏条件和保质期提供数据。结果 经过方法学验证，3种成分在4.512~108.2，10.13~101.30，4.496~107.90 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好（r>0.999）；平均加样回收率为95.9%~104.7%，RSD ≤ 3%；2种成分相对橙皮苷的相对校正因子分别为0.49和0.38，且在不同实验条件下相对校正因子重复性良好；含量测定QAMS计算结果与ESM实测值无明显差异。稳定性考察结果表明，在高温条件下长时间放置芹糖甘草苷和橙皮苷含量下降速度较快，甘草苷含量下降较为平缓，提示中药合剂在高温条件下不宜放置过长时间。结论 本研究所建方法准确可靠、重复性好，可用于八珍益智合剂的质量控制，本合剂应密封置阴凉处保存。     

丙戊酸钠治疗儿童良性癫痫伴中央颞区棘波的有效血药浓度及相应状态下的认知功能研究

目的探讨控制儿童良性癫痫伴中央颞区棘波(BECTS)异常放电的丙戊酸有效血药浓度;评估该血药浓度下患儿认知功能的变化。方法对2008年10月至2012年4月宁夏医科大学总医院儿童神经内科50例BECTS患儿及非BECTS癫痫患儿60例以丙戊酸钠小阶梯渐加量直至痫性放电消失,对比观察BECTS组与非BECTS癫痫组的丙戊酸有效血药浓度,及BECTS组异常电活动控制前后的韦氏智商和注意力测定各项指标。结果痫性放电得到控制后的BECTS组患儿丙戊酸平均血药浓度(29.882±18.176)μg·mL-1,低于非BECTS组患儿(74.671±15.343)μg·mL-1;BECTS组患儿脑电及临床发作控制后其持续注意力操作测试正确数升高而错误值下降,两组两对数据比较P均<0.01;BECTS患儿临床及脑电发作控制前后的语言智商,操作智商,全量表智商及知识,分类,词汇,领悟,填图,图片排列,积木,拼图,编码项目的分量表得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),算术分量表的得分明显高于治疗前(t=2.57,P<0.05)。结论控制BECTS异常放电所需的丙戊酸有效血药浓度明显低于其他类型的癫痫;在此血药浓度下BECTS患儿的注意力会得到明显改善,认知能力也会在某些方面得到一定的提高。     

Aggressive resection of craniopharyngioma achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale using a frontal basal interhemispheric approach: A review of 55 cases

ObjectiveThe frontal basal interhemispheric approach (FBIA) is preferable for resection of craniopharyngioma (CP), achieving desirable total resection rates in early reports of lesions located in the suprasellar region to the third ventricle. For tumours that have created a larger obstruction of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale, aggressive resection in the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus is not feasible compared to improving tumour visualization by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale. In a report of drilling the sellar tuberculum and sphenoid planum, drilling allowed the direct visualization of tumours invading the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus. Reconstructing the opening of the sellar-sphenoid cavity is achieved by microsuturing a piece of the pericranium/dura around the dural edge of the defective dura of the open sphenoid sinus and sellar cavity to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.Patients and methodsThe FBIA with drilling of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale was performed to remove the tumours that invaded the intrasellar region and cavernous sinus in 55 patients from January 2014 to October 2019 at our institution. The pre- and postoperative pituitary hormone levels and vision were evaluated as effective standards after surgery and compared using paired t-tests. The different rates of CSF leakage between the packing and microsuture groups were compared by χ² test, p < 0.05.ResultsIn all patients with a mean 37-month follow-up (range, 3–2 months), 43 (78.2%) patients returned to their normal life or school independently, 7 (12.7%) patients were able to perform normal activities with minor complaints or effort, and 4 (7.3%) patients could care for themselves or only required occasional assistance. One (1.8%) death occurred, attributed to CSF leak-related meningitis at 5 months after surgery. Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in eight (19.0%) of 42 patients with packed bone wax or pieces of muscle to the sphenoid sinus. Of 13 patients with a piece of the periosteum/dura microsutured around the defective dura of the sellar region and open sphenoid sinus, one (7.7%) of 13 patients experienced CSF leakage in the perioperative period. With statistical analysis, there was a potential risk for postoperative CSF leakage in the bone wax and muscle piece in the open sphenoid sinus, whereas microsuture manoeuvres were effective for avoiding the risk of postoperative CSF leakage (χ² = 8.865, p < 0.005). The microsutures closed the open sphenoid sinus such that it was water-tight. Postoperative visual acuity and the visual field were not affected by the increased intrasellar exposure or the open sphenoid sinus achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale.ConclusionTuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale drilling via FBIA is feasible to enhance the direct visualization of CP resection, which expands the intrasellar region with a direct resection of recurrent tumours in the sellar cavity and adhering to the medial wall of the cavernous sinus. The potential risk of a CSF leakage seemed to be mitigated when using water-tight microsutures on a piece of the pericranium/dura around the edge of the defective dura in the sellar region and the open sphenoid sinus cavity.